Why Is Water Quality Important in Baking? (2024)

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Why Is Water Quality Important in Baking? (1)

Published on by Kate Wisialowski

Many of us are turning to the comforts of baking at home while doing our part to flatten the curve during this global health crisis.

Working with our hands can help give us a sense of calm and control during times of uncertainty, and what’s more soothing than the scent of freshly baked bread? [1]

As both an art and a science, baking brings together seemingly simple ingredients through chemical reactions to create something new and delicious. Knowing a bit about your home water quality can help take your glutenous creations to the next level.

What Does Water Do During Baking?

At the core of baking, a successful loaf comes down to the interaction of flour, water, and yeast.

Water is behind all the natural chemical reactions that happen during baking and helps control your dough’s temperature and consistency. Just a few of water’s key roles include:

  • Hydrating the starch particles to begin the formation of dough

  • Dissolving and bringing together the other ingredients—like salt, sugar, and yeast

  • Reacting with the proteins in flour to become gluten

  • Controlling the rate of yeast fermentation

  • Triggering the Maillard reaction to form a glossy crust on your bread in the oven [2]

As your dough’s MVP, water quality can have an impact on your final product. Many of the important water quality factors boil down to mineral and chemical content.

Why Is Water Quality Important in Baking? (2)

SimpleLab’s Jess Goddard bakes weekly with filtered tap water, fresh milled flour from a nearby farm, and sourdough starter from Berkeley’s Cheeseboard Collective.

Does Hard Water Affect Baking?

Water hardness refers to the amount of calcium and magnesium in water—concentrations often measured in units of parts per million (PPM). These minerals act as “food” that nourish the yeast in your dough during fermentation. Mineral content can also have a strengthening effect on your dough’s gluten.[3]

Water hardness between 100 to 150 PPM is the sweet spot for bread baking.[4] Using a water softener can reduce water hardness.

  • If your water is too soft (10-50 PPM) it can limit fermentation, create dough that is sticky and loose, and result in poor texture in your final product.

  • If your water is too hard (>200 PPM) it can excessively speed up fermentation, limit the rise of your dough, and cause gluten to become too tough.

Is Alkaline Water Better for Baking?

Water’s mineral content is also related to its pH level and alkalinity. While calcium or magnesium comprise hardness, alkalinity measures your water’s ability to buffer changes in pH and is usually measured as the amount of calcium carbonate. Water is typically thought of as having a neutral pH (pH of 7), but we’ve seen household tap water pH range from 4.5 to 10. The more alkaline your water is, the more it may limit the natural acidity created during yeast fermentation.[4] This may cause the gluten in your dough to become unmanageably tough.

The ideal water pH for baking is slightly below 7.

Despite leading to suboptimal baking projects, alkaline water still manages to be one of the most popular drinking water trends. It’s been touted as “extra-healthy” and even “cancer-preventing.” Spoiler alert...it’s not. Read more in this article that blows the lid off of some of the most common myths surrounding the alkaline water trend: Alkaline Water: A Critical Review.

Can Water Quality Affect the Taste of Bread?

Sourdough starters may be sensitive to your water quality because it can alter the microbiome of helpful bacteria needed to leaven your dough.[5] Different bacteria favor different minerals (like magnesium, potassium, sodium, and sulfate), which can change the tanginess and other flavors being developed. None of this is likely to result in bad tasting bread–it just might taste differently. Experiments with instant yeast suggest that water quality may not have much impact on the taste of bread.[6] In both cases, there isn’t a big body of literature on tap water quality and baking, so more research is needed.

If your water at home has a noticeable odor, it’s worth testing your water to determine the source before using it for baking.

For example, water that smells like sulfur isn’t harmful to your health, but it might leave a strange taste in your cooking. A carbon filter or aerator can help resolve that issue.

If your water smells strongly of chlorine, it may not only give your baking a chemical taste, but can potentially sabotage the yeast and enzymes needed for a good rise.[7]

Can the Chlorine in Tap Water Kill Yeast?

Chlorineand related disinfectants are used during water treatment to remove harmful microorganisms, but chlorine can also kill useful bacteria needed for fermentation.

However, most potable tap water doesn’t contain enough chlorine to affect your baking when using store bought yeast. Tap water chlorine levels are typically below4 PPM.[8] Only chlorine levels of 10 PPM or more are likely to affect yeast performance.

On the other hand, when making your own sourdough starter—using water to activate the wild yeast naturally found in flour—the longer fermentation time means more exposure to chemicals that may be in your tap water.If you’re having trouble making or maintaining your own starters, chlorine or chloramine may be the culprits.

Contact your local utility to find out which disinfectants they use during water treatment.

Can You Use Reverse Osmosis Water for Sourdough Starter?

Reverse osmosis(RO) is one of the most robust filtration systems for removing contaminants from water. But unless absolutely necessary to improve your water quality, some argue that it is wasteful and also removes too much of the mineral content of water needed to create a successful starter.

RO systems have post-treatment remineralization options if you are concerned that it may be affecting your baking. Some online bakers have also suggested addingmineral dropsto your filtered water to help boost fermentation.[10]

Should I Test My Water to Improve My Baking?

The chemical, mineral, and microbiological content of most drinking water should not make or break your homemade confections. Indeed, most tap water quality will not have a negative impact on your break making ability. That said, knowing more about your tap water may help you optimize and troubleshoot any lingering baking issues that other solutions you’ve tried don’t seem to be fixing.

Tap Score’s Advanced City Water Test is a great baseline for assessing not only your water’s suitability for baking, but for general potability. Take a look at an example Tap Score Report here.

Core Kit Advanced City Water Test 111 Analytes Tested
$279

Core Kit

Advanced City Water Test

111 Analytes Tested

Ideal baseline for testing tap water provided by a local water utility–including metals, minerals, and chlorine-related byproducts.

Regular price $279 USD

Regular price $305 USD Sale price $279 USD

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Whether you are looking to ensure your water is safe for drinking or if you are striving to perfect your pumpernickel, the Tap Score team of chemists, water quality engineers, and treatment experts are always standing by to help out.

What Do We Do?

SimpleLab’s Chief Science Officer–Dr. Jess Goddard–has been a dedicated sourdough baker for years now. “We found trace lead in our tap water, so we use a basic pitcher filter certified to manage low levels of lead,” she said. “There is also a very strong chlorine smell to the water, so the filter reduces that.” Jess has yet to do an experiment on the flavor profile of her bread, but we will report back here when she does.

Read More

General Chemistry of Water – SimpleLab Tap Score

Do I Need a Water Softener? – SimpleLab Tap Score

How To Interpret Water Testing Units – SimpleLab Tap Score

Alkaline Water: A Critical Review – SimpleLab Tap Score

Top 5 Most Popular Water Filtration Technologies For Homes

What Is Reverse Osmosis (RO)? – SimpleLab Tap Score

Sources and References

Why Is Water Quality Important in Baking? (6)

About The Author

Kate Wisialowski

CHIEF OPERATING OFFICER

Kate leads operational strategy as COO at Tap Score and SimpleLab. She oversees daily, as well as long-term logistics for tens of thousands of environmental samples across hundreds of certified laboratories. However, she started her environmental testing career by way of scientific blog writing at Tap Score and it continues to be one of her favorite aspects of the business. Outside of Tap Score, Kate loves making homemade pasta, floral arranging, and singing along to Dolly Parton tunes.

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Why Is Water Quality Important in Baking? (2024)

FAQs

Why Is Water Quality Important in Baking? ›

One of the most crucial aspects of baking is the quality of the ingredients you are using, and this goes for water as well. Any baker knows that poor water quality can negatively interact with the performance of yeast and the overall structure of the dough and affect the fermentation process.

Why is water important in baking? ›

Water serves as a solvent and dispersing agent (for salt, sugar, and yeast). Water is necessary for yeast fermentation and reproduction; softer doughs will ferment more quickly than dry doughs.

Why is quality important in baking? ›

Using high quality ingredients is an essential aspect of cooking and baking, as it can greatly impact the flavor and overall quality of the final product. Whether you are making a simple sandwich or an elaborate cake, the ingredients you use will play a key role in determining the outcome.

What is one of the most important thing that water provides during baking process? ›

Hydrating the starch particles to begin the formation of dough. Dissolving and bringing together the other ingredients—like salt, sugar, and yeast. Reacting with the proteins in flour to become gluten. Controlling the rate of yeast fermentation.

Does soft water affect baking? ›

Water hardness between 100 to 150 ppm is ideal for bread baking. Soft water can limit fermentation and make the dough sticky and too extensible, and slow fermentation. Corrective steps you can take is to increase the level of yeast food.

How does water affect cooking? ›

To begin, the overall quality of water used to cook food will determine the flavor and texture of the finished dish. Hard water, for example, is high in minerals such as calcium and magnesium, which can alter the taste and texture of food.

Why is it important to cook with clean water? ›

Clean water helps maintain the vibrant colors of your ingredients and contributes to a visually appealing presentation. Reduced health risks: Contaminants present in unclean water can pose health risks. Filtering or using bottled water for cooking helps minimize these risks and ensures the safety of your food.

What is baking quality an important feature of? ›

Baking quality of wheat is determined by wheat cultivar, the interplay of natural grain constituents' proteins, carbohydrates and lipids, growing conditions of wheat as well as milling and baking technology. The unique baking properties of wheat have contributed to the large variety of food products made of wheat.

What is the most important factor to consider in baking? ›

Proper measuring is vital, and one oft-overlooked baking tip is that weight is usually more accurate than volume. Many bakers consider it faster and also more simple because you deal with round numbers rather than halves, quarters, and thirds.

What makes a quality baked product? ›

Baking quality is a broad concept that involves: Baking tests such as gassing power, gas retention, mixing tolerance/stability, and water absorption. Assessment of loaf volume, texture and crumb grain structure of finished products. Small production runs to adjust formulation and processing.

Why is water important cooking? ›

Water is an essential ingredient in the kitchen. It is a universal solvent and is used to help dissolve and extract flavorful compounds in soups, stocks, and sauces. Water is also used to aid in the cooking process.

What is the effect of water in cake? ›

Water has several functions in baking: Solvent: dissolves salts, sugars and baking powder so they can perform their roles as fermentation regulators, tenderizers, stabilizers and leavening. Hydration: hydration of gluten is essential for dough network formation and starch gelatinization.

Does baking require water? ›

Some form of water is always used in the cooking or baking process. Therefore, we must recognize the integral role it plays in our recipes and how it can directly affect the outcome of our home-cooked meals.

Does hard water affect cooking? ›

Hard water can have a significant impact on your cooking. It can slow down cooking times, alter the flavour and texture of your food, reduce nutrient content, and cause scaling on your cookware and appliances.

How does water content affect bread? ›

Water content and its distribution govern textural properties such as softness of crumb, crispness of the crust and shelf-life. Water also plays an important role in the major physical changes (e.g. expansion of bubbles) and chemical changes (e.g. starch gelatinisation) that take place during bread making.

Does moisture affect baking? ›

The humidity level in your indoor air affects the moisture balance in a recipe, and whether your baked goods fall flat, are too dense and chewy, or too dry and crumbly. If the humidity is high, flour, sugar, salt and other dry ingredients will soak up extra moisture. When humidity is low, they'll get drier.

Why do people bake with water? ›

The hot water helps keep the temperature surrounding the food more consistent. This is particularly useful for recipes containing eggs, which can be quite temperamental in unmoderated temperatures. Delicate bakes using a custard or something similar (like cheesecake) will benefit greatly from the use of a water bath.

Do you need water to bake? ›

Some form of water is always used in the cooking or baking process. Therefore, we must recognize the integral role it plays in our recipes and how it can directly affect the outcome of our home-cooked meals.

What is the purpose of liquid in baking? ›

Liquids are necessary in baked goods for hydrating protein, starch and leavening agents. When hydration occurs, water is absorbed and the chemical changes necessary for structure and texture development can take place. Liquids contribute moistness to the texture and improve the mouthfeel of baked products.

What is the importance of water as an ingredient? ›

Water is intrinsic to cooking. We use water to rinse, soak and boil. Water can revive wilted lettuce, preserve the crunch of veggies and even bring stale bread back to life! Water is the one ingredient you almost always need.

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