Henry Ossawa Tanner Was One of the First World-Famous Black Artists. Now, His Home Is in Danger (2024)

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The Philadelphia row house hosted generations of Black scholars and leaders

Henry Ossawa Tanner Was One of the First World-Famous Black Artists. Now, His Home Is in Danger (1)

Henry Ossawa Tanner Was One of the First World-Famous Black Artists. Now, His Home Is in Danger (2)

Henry Ossawa Tanner Was One of the First World-Famous Black Artists. Now, His Home Is in Danger (3)

Christopher Parker

Daily Correspondent

In 1872, Henry Ossawa Tanner, 13, moved with his family into a row house in north Philadelphia. The home became a vibrant hub for Black intellectual life, and the boy, a budding artist, spent years steeped in the ideas of the city’s prominent thinkers.

He lived in the house while attending the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts in his early 20s—the only Black student there—and remained there until he was nearly 30. In 1891, hoping to escape the racism he faced in the United States, he moved to Paris, where his career flourished.

Today, Tanner is known as one of the first Black artists to win international acclaim. The family home, however, fell into disrepair. Like its onetime inhabitant, the row house and its surrounding neighborhood suffered from Philadelphia’s racially discriminatory policies. The building that once served as a cultural gathering place is no longer fit to inhabit.

Henry Ossawa Tanner Was One of the First World-Famous Black Artists. Now, His Home Is in Danger (4)

But Christopher Rogers hopes it can flourish once again. Rogers serves as co-coordinator of the Friends of the Tanner House, the group of Black preservationists working to raise money to restore the structure—and the legacy it represents.

Rogers says that the house where Tanner experienced Black intellectual life as a teenager remained foundational even after the painter’s departure, as later generations continued to make their mark on the city.

For many years, the Tanner family played a critical role in “building and sustaining Black networks of intellectuals and academics and doctors,” he tells Smithsonian magazine, adding that the home likely hosted figureslikeFrederick Douglass and Booker T. Washington.

Tanner’s father was a minister who took over Philadelphia’s Mother Bethel African Episcopal Methodist Church, while his mother had escaped slavery through the Underground Railroad. They named their oldest son Henry Ossawa to commemorate an 1856 battle between abolitionist John Brown and pro-slavery raiders in Kansas.

Henry Ossawa Tanner Was One of the First World-Famous Black Artists. Now, His Home Is in Danger (5)

From a young age, Tanner knew that he wanted to paint. At the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, he studied under Thomas Eakins and alongside Robert Henri; both left a lasting mark on American art, just as Tanner himself would. Tanner’s The Banjo Lesson (1893), an intimate depiction of Black resilience and family strength in the decades after the Civil War, directly influenced similar pieces by Norman Rockwell. It went on to be one of Tanner’s career-defining works.

“[The Banjo Lesson’s] economy of scale, its emotional delicacy, its nuanced orchestration of light and shadow and symbolism situates it in a resonant space in American art history,” wrote Farisa Khalid for Smarthistory in 2016.

Despite his legacy in the U.S., he spent little of his career there. In France, he studied at the Académie Julian, painted landscapes and religious subjects, met his wife and raised a son. He only returned to his home country for brief stints.

As the painter grew in fame and prestige in Europe, his family remained at the house, achieving national recognition in a variety of fields. His sister Halle became the first woman licensed to practice medicine in Alabama in 1891. Later, in 1921, his niece Sadie became one of the first Black woman in the U.S. to earn a PhD.

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“[Tanner] was certainly unparalleled as an African-American artist” whose legacy is “probably still unsung,” says Rogers. “But he was raised in a family, and a community of people, who also really did amazing things.”

The future of the family home will depend on how much funding and community engagement the Friends of the Tanner House is able to secure. The group’s first and most pressing task is stabilizing the walls and roof. In its current state, says Rogers, the house is vulnerable to the elements, and a severe weather event could easily cause permanent damage.

The next step will be transferring the house from private ownership. The current owner, who inherited the house from his father, hopes to pass on its care to a nonprofit, which will then begin to develop programming about the Tanners and Black Philadelphia at the turn of the century.

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The site scored several victories earlier this month: On May 1, the Mellon Foundation announced a $150,000 grant that will go toward programming. The following week, the National Trust for Historic Preservation named the house on its list of America’s most endangered historic places.

The Friends of the Tanner House is also dedicated to ensuring that Black leadership remains central throughout the project. As the Equal Justice Initiative reported in 2020, fewer than 1 percent of preservationists in the U.S. are Black.

Rogers hopes the Tanner house will become the center of a cultural renaissance in the neighborhood, just as it was over a century ago.That way, the structure will be not only a historical home, but a place to continue the Tanner family’s legacy in Philadelphia.

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Henry Ossawa Tanner Was One of the First World-Famous Black Artists. Now, His Home Is in Danger (8)

Christopher Parker | READ MORE

Christopher Parker is a journalist covering history, conservation, education and other topics. His work has been featured in America magazine, Notre Damemagazine, the Los Angeles Times and the Berkshire Eagle.

Henry Ossawa Tanner Was One of the First World-Famous Black Artists. Now, His Home Is in Danger (2024)

FAQs

What is Henry Ossawa Tanner famous for? ›

Despite being one of the leading religious genre painters of his age, Henry Ossawa Tanner is best remembered for two paintings depicting domestic scenes of African American life and for being the first black artist to gain international fame.

How did Henry Ossawa Tanner change the world? ›

Henry Ossawa Tanner was the first successful African-American artist. He triumphed in a world that was predominantly white to create paintings of power, beauty and poignancy. Tanner's mother was a black slave who had dramatically escaped via a railroad. His father was a Methodist minister and an abolitionist.

Who was the first black artist in history? ›

Henry Ossawa Tanner (June 21, 1859 – May 25, 1937) was an American artist who spent much of his career in France. He became the first African-American painter to gain international acclaim. Tanner moved to Paris, France, in 1891 to study at the Académie Julian and gained acclaim in French artistic circles.

What was the first black painting in the White House? ›

In 1995, the White House Historical Association acquired a Tanner painting titled Sand Dunes at Sunset, Atlantic City from his grandniece Rae Alexander-Minter. It was the first painting by a Black artist acquired for the White House Collection.

Which statement best describes Henry Ossawa Tanner's approach to painting? ›

Correct Feedback: ct Question 2 1 out of 1 points Which statement best describes Henry Ossawa Tanner's approach to painting? Selected Answer: Correct Answer: Response Feedback: Tanner used expressive brushstrokes to paint figures with a sense of weight and three-dimensional form.

When was Henry Ossawa Tanner died? ›

In his later years, Tanner was a symbol of hope and inspiration f or African-American leaders and young black artists, many of whom visited him in Paris. On May 25, 1937, Tanner died at his home in Paris.

Why did Tanner move to Paris? ›

Intending to settle in Rome, Tanner fell in love with Paris and remained there to study at the Academie Julien, soon painting two of his most important works depicting Africa-American subjects, The Banjo Lesson, from 1893 and The Thankful Poor in 1894.

What does Tanner emphasize in his painting The Banjo Lesson? ›

In The Banjo Lesson, Tanner's desire to show us his vision of the resilience, spiritual grace, and creative and intellectual promise of post-Civil War African-Americans is fully realized.

Which artist is known for his paintings of American landscapes? ›

Best American Landscape Painter

Thomas Cole is considered the best among America's painters and the leading painter in the early 19th century. While he portrayed the Hudson River Valley in minute detail, he also created sublime imaginary vistas with clever use of light.

Who was the first black artist to go number 1? ›

The first Black singer and songwriter to reach the No. 1 spot on the Billboard Hot 100 was born and raised in Richmond. Details: His name was Tommy Edwards, and his No. 1 hit in 1958 "It's All in the Game" sold more than 3 million records, reported the Times-Dispatch.

Who was the first black female artist? ›

Edmonia Lewis was the first sculptor of African American and Native American (Mississauga) descent to achieve international recognition. Her father was Black, and her mother was Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indian.

Why is White House white? ›

When construction was finished, the porous sandstone walls were whitewashed with a mixture of lime, rice glue, casein, and lead, giving the house its familiar color and name.

What color is the White House? ›

The exterior of the White House is actually white! Technically, the color of paint used on the exterior of the White House is known as 'whisper white.

Who named the White House? ›

President Theodore Roosevelt officially gave the White House its current name in 1901.

Who was the founder of the Hudson River School of painting? ›

Thomas Cole (1801-1848)

Founder of the Hudson River School of painting. Thomas Cole was born in 1801 at Bolton, Lancashire in Northwestern England and emigrated with his family to the United States in 1818. In 1825, Cole discovered the haunting beauty of the Catskill wilderness.

Who painted The Thankful Poor in the American artist? ›

Henry Ossawa Tanner (1859-1937) was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania to an African Methodist Episcopal (A.M.E.) bishop father and a mother who escaped enslavement via the Underground Railroad. He later became the first African American artist to attain international recognition.

Who is Henry Art Gallery named after? ›

In 1927, Seattle entrepreneur Horace C. Henry founded the Henry Art Gallery, Washington State's first art museum, to feature art of the present time. From its earliest days, the Henry has been committed to showcasing world-renowned contemporary artists and championing emerging talent.

What does the banjo in this painting represent? ›

Banjos, minstrel shows, and stereotypes of African-Americans

It is also important that the instrument that leads the boy towards enlightenment is the banjo, an instrument highly significant to African-American slave culture and the music of the American South.

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